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This is a map of the station locations from the global
survey which have
carbon measurements. The red stations indicate measurements collected as part of
the US WOCE one time survey.
The yellow stations were a part of NOAA’s OACES program. We have also made an
effort to incorporate as much international data as possible. The blue stations in the Indian Ocean are from the French.
Pacific data came from the Australians, Japanese, and Canadians. Much of the new Atlantic work was performed by the
Europeans. The synthesis
began in the Indian Ocean. These cruises had the best coordination are required the
least effort to synthesize. We have just completed the Pacific synthesis and are now moving on to the Atlantic. All
together we hope to have something on the order of 100,000 unique sample locations with at least two measured carbon
parameters.
Subtracting the disequilibrium values from the delta C* values gives the anthropogenic
CO2, which has a distribution
like this. This is the column integral of anthropogenic CO2 in the Pacific. We can see that the
largest
inventories are found in the south Pacific associated with the Subtropical Convergence.
A minimum in inventory is found in the tropical waters and the north Pacific maximum is shifted more towards
the west. Note also that in general the high latitude Southern Ocean has low values, except off the Adelie Coast south
of Australia which is a known bottom water formation area.
I didn’t really have a chance to get into this too much
today, but an
important aspect of our work is to use these results to evaluate the ocean carbon cycle
GCM models. In general we have found that the models do a reasonable job of reproducing the large scale
distributions, but there are a number of regional differences that likely are related to transport issues. For example,
here we compare the data based results with three different
versions of the Princeton model. Each of the different versions have different transport and mixing schemes.
Jorge will likely talk more about this, but my point here is simply to point out that
the carbon data
from the global survey can provide a strong constraint for diagnosing the transport in the carbon
cycle models.