SAMPLING METHODS

PI:       F. Sayles and W. Martin
of:       Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Designation    Description                          Method
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In Situ WCS    In situ whole-core squeezing;        Martin & Sayles, 1996
               high-resolution in situ sampling     Bender, et. al. 1987
               near the sediment-water interface

In situ Pore   In situ, harpoon-type sampling;      Martin & Sayles, 1996
 Waters        coarse resolution sampling       

Lab WCS        Laboratory whole-core squeezing      Martin & Sayles, 1996
               on recovered cores; high resolution  Bender, et. al. 1987
               sampling near the sediment-water
               interface

Centrifuged    Pore water separated from sediment   Martin & Sayles, 1996
 Cores         by sectioning of recovered cores
               and centrifugation


ANALYTICAL METHODS

Designation    Description                          Method
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------
A. Solids
----------
Porosity       wet weight / dry weight
               (salt corrected)

Resistivity    profiling probe with 4mm             Andrews & Bennett, 1981
               electrode spacing

Pb-210 &       direct gamma counting of dried       Cutshall, et. al. 1983
 Th-234        and ground sediments

CaCO3          total carbon-organic carbon          CHN Analyzer

C_org          removal of CaCO3, combustion
               and gas chromatography

biogenic opal  Na2CO3 leach                         Mortlock & Froelich, 1989

----------
B. Solutes
----------
O2             electrode; Winkler titration         Martin et. al.. 1991

NO3            nitrate + nitrite                    Glibert & Loder, 1977

SiO2           silica                               Glibert & Loder, 1977

TCO2           total carbon dioxide                 Hach Carle GC

Alkalinity     automated Gran titration             Gieskes & Rogers, 1973

NH4            ammonium                             Glibert & Loder, 1977

PO4            phosphate                            Glibert & Loder, 1977



REFERENCES

Andrews D. and Bennett A. (1981), Measurements of diffusivity near the
 sediment-water interface with a fine-scale resistivity probe.
 Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v.45, pp.2169-2175

Bender M., Martin W., Hess J., Sayles F., Ball L., and Lambert C. (1987),
 A whole-core squeezer for interstitial pore-water sampling. Limnol.
 Oceanogr., v.32, pp.1214-1225

Cutshall N.H., Larsen I.L., and Olsen, C.R. (1983), Direct analysis of
 Pb210 in sediment samples: self-absorption corrections. Nuclear Instr.
 Methods, v.206, pp.309-312

Gieskes J.M. and Rogers W.C. (1973), Alkalinity determination in inter-
 stitial waters of marine sediments. J. Sediment. Petrol., v.43,
 pp.272-277

Glibert P.L. and Loder T.C. (1977), Automated analysis of nutrients in
 seawater: a manual of techniques.  Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Martin W.R. and Sayles F.L. (1996), CaCO3 dissolution in sediments of
 the Ceara Rise; western equatorial Atlantic. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,
 v.60, pp.243-263

Martin W.R., Bender M., Leinen M. and Orchardo J. (1991), Benthic organic
 carbon degradation and biogenic silica dissolution in the central
 equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research, v.12, pp.1481-1516

Mortlock R.A. and Froelich P.N. (1989), A simple method for the rapid
 determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments.
 Deep-Sea Research, v.36, pp1415-1426

Sayles F.L., Martin, W.R., Chase, Z. and Anderson, R.F. (2001), Benthic
 remineralization and buriel of biogenic SiO2, CaCO3, organic carbon,
 and detrital material in the Southern Ocean along a transect at
 170 degrees West. Deep-Sea Research II, in press